Exploring the Mysteries of the Universe!

 

Space is the vast area between the Earth, Sun, Moon, planets, stars, galaxies, etc.In space, there are various types of matter, planets, stars, galaxies, radiation, magnetic fields, gravitational fields, and the effects of invisible matter such as dark matter.

Distance calculation: 

1AU- The distance of the Sun from the Earth-15crore km

1 YEAR LIGHT- How far light travels in a year 9.6 trillion km.

Parsee- 3.26 light years.

How do we calculate?

1.Radar: A signal is sent to a nearby planet or moon, and the time it takes for it to return is measured.

               Distance= speed*time/2

2. Parallax: For nearby stars, the distance is calculated by looking at how much the apparent position of the star changes due to the change in the Earth's position.

3.Brightness/standard candle: For very distant stars and galaxies, if the true brightness of an object is known, the distance can be estimated by comparing it with the apparent brightness.

Universe: The universe refers to the sum total of everything we know to exist, space, matter, energy.

     Earth > Solar system > Milky way Galaxy > many Galaxy > Universe.

     Example: Imagine a big house, Universe- whole house, Space-Empty space inside the house, Planet/Star/Galaxy-Various things inside the house.

Big Bang Theory: About 13.8 billion years ago, the Universe was extremely hot and dense, and then space itself began to expand. The Big Bang was not an ordinary bomb explosion that exploded in a specific place and sent matter flying everywhere. Rather, space itself has expanded.

       Example: Draw a balloon with many dots with a pen. When the balloon is inflated, the dots will move away from each other. No single point can be called the center of the universe.

 Big Bang > Hot Universe > Cold Universe > Creating elementary particles > creating Hydrogen, Helium > The first star was created > Galaxy > Planet > Solar System > Earth.

Sun: The Sun is not a planet, the Sun is a layer, it is basically a sphere of huge hot plasma. Nuclear fusion occurs in the Sun, mainly due to the intense heat and pressure at the Sun's core, where hydrogen/helium is the main component.

     Hydrogen + Hydrogen = Helium + Energy

   This energy slowly escapes through the Sun and is eventually released into space as light and heat, which slowly takes 8 minutes to reach Earth.

Star: A star is a huge ball of hot plasma where energy can be generated within itself. The sun is a star, but because the sun is near us, we see it many times.

How are stars formed?

Gas cloud: There was a huge cloud of hydrogen and dust in space.

Gravity: The particles in the cloud began to attract each other.

Contraction: The cloud contracted and accumulated material in the center.

Temperature increase: The contraction increased the temperature and pressure in the center.

Protostar: The initial stage of star formation is formed.

Nuclear fusion: When sufficient temperature and pressure are created in the center, hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium and energy is produced.

Star birth: A star like the Sun begins to produce energy.

Planet: planet 🌍Birth:

1. Cloud of gas and dust: A huge cloud collapsed to form the Sun about 4.6 billion years ago.

2. Birth of the Sun: The Sun formed at the center and was surrounded by a disk of gas and dust.

3. Collisions and accretions: Dust and small rocky particles began to coalesce and grow.

4. Formation of small bodies: Larger bodies formed by the collisions and gravitational attraction of many smaller bodies.

5. Protoplanet: Larger bodies gathered more matter and took the initial form of planets.

6. Birth of the planet: The Planet formed through collisions, accretions, and accretion over a long period of time.

🌍 Why does the Earth revolve around the Sun?

The Earth revolves around the Sun mainly due to the gravitational attraction of the Sun and the forward motion of the Earth.

1. Gravity of the Sun ☀️

The Sun's strong gravitational attraction pulls the Earth towards itself.

2. Forward Motion of the Earth 🌍

The Earth is moving in space. It has a lateral motion, due to which it does not fall directly into the Sun.

3. Orbit 🔄

The Sun's gravity constantly bends the direction of Earth's motion. As a result, even though the Earth is falling towards the Sun, it maintains its sideways motion and it revolves around the Sun in an orbit.

Our Milky Way Galaxy

1. Gas and Dust: In the early universe, gas, especially hydrogen, accumulated in various regions under the influence of gravity.

2. Gravitation: More matter is attracted to denser regions.

3. Birth of stars: Stars form in dense regions of gas.

4. Evolution of Galaxy: Stars, gas, dust and dark matter combine to form large structures under the influence of gravity. Galaxies also grow larger as small structures coalesce over time.

5. Milky Way: This is how our galaxy formed over time. It includes sun, earth and numerous stars and planets.

Black Hole: Death of a massive star

1. Massive star: Stars with a mass much greater than the Sun are formed in space.

2. Nuclear fusion: Nuclear fusion in the center of the star produces energy, which helps to balance the gravitational contraction of the star inward.

3. Fuel exhaustion: When the energy production through fusion in the center of the star is no longer sufficient, the balance can be upset.

4. Core collapse: The center of the star becomes extremely compressed due to gravity. The outer part can be ejected in a supernova explosion, although this does not happen in all cases.

5. Birth of a black hole: When the remaining mass of the center is large enough, a region is formed from which not even light can escape through the event horizon. This is called a black hole.

Moon: The birth of our moon

1. The birth of the Earth: The early Earth was forming about 4.5 billion years ago.

2. Giant impact: Scientists believe that a Mars-sized object called Theia collided with the early Earth.

3. Impact: The collision sent rocky material from Earth and Theia flying into space.

4. Gravitational attraction: The impacting material began to gather in orbit around the Earth.

5. The birth of the Moon: The materials came together through collisions and accretions to form the Moon.